0 FIAT 131 1975-77 Drive Axles Repair Guide

DESCRIPTION

Rear axle assembly uses an integral carrier type differential having hypoid type ring and drive pinion gear set. Drive pinion bearing preload is maintained by a collapsible spacer and differential bearing preload is obtained through the use of shims between the bearings and rear axle housing. Semi-floating axles use ball bearings retained on the axle by a press fit retaining ring and the axle is secured in the housing with a retaining flange. A removable rear cover permits inspection and service of differential assembly.

AXLE RATIO AND IDENTIFICATION

The fiat 131 uses only one rear axle assembly. The axle ratio is 4.44-1; a nine tooth drive pinion with a forty tooth ring gear.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

Axle shafts and Bearings

 FIG. 1  SECTIONAL VIEW OF AXLE SHAFT
AND BEARING ASSEMBLY 

Removal - 1) Raise and support vehicle. Remove rear wheels and brake drums. Remove bolts retaining axle shaft retaining flange to brake backing plate.

2) Attach slide hammer to axle flange and pull axle from housing using care to guide the brake backing plate off the axle as if it is extracted.

3) Remove axle bearing from shaft using an arbor press and suitable support tools. Discard axle shaft bearing retainer. Inspect retainer seat on axle shaft and if seat is scored or damaged, replace axle shaft.

Installation - 1) Place retainer flange and bearing on axle shaft. Heat bearing retaining ring to about 600°F (300°C) and place heated retainer on axle shaft.

2) Using an arbor press and appropriate support tools, press bearing retainer onto shaft until bearing is locked between retainer and shoulder on axle shaft. NOTE - Do not exceed 13,000 lbs. force with press as damage to axle shaft assembly may occur.

3) If axle is to be installed at this time, replace oil seal inside axle housing (if required), and install axle in reverse order of removal.

REAR AXLE ASSEMBLY

Removal - Raise and support vehicle. Release parking brake and remove spring from parking brake bracket and support. Pull cable housings away from bracket and remove cables from bracket and support. Remove propeller shaft from drive pinion flange and stabilizer bars from rear axle housing. Remove brake hose from "T" connector and slip link out of slot in bracket on axle housing. Support rear axle assembly floor jack(s), remove shock absorber-to-axle housing bolts and lower and remove axle assembly.

Installation - Reverse removal procedure then bleed the brake system and check for proper operation of parking brake.

OVERHAUL

Disassembly

FIG. 2 REMOVING DIFFERENTIAL
BEARINGS FROM CASE

NOTE - Overhaul of differential assembly can be accomplished with rear axle assembly installed in vehicle

Differential Case Assembly - 1) Raise and support vehicle, remove axle shafts as previously described, and separate propeller shaft from drive pinion flange. Remove cover from rear of housing and drain lubricant.

2) Install spreader (8064), on housing, mark differential bearing caps for reference at time of reassembly, the remove bearing caps. Spread housing and remove differential case along with bearings and shims, noting position of bearing outer race and shims and keeping all left and right side components separated.

3) Using a puller, remove differential bearings from case. Keep bearings separated with other components. Put locating reference marks on ring gear and case, then removing eight ring gear-to-case retaining bolts and remove ring gear. NOTE - Drive ring gear from case (if required) using a soft headed mallet.

FIG. 3 EXPLODED VIEW OF FIAT 131 DIFFERENTIAL ASSEMBLY

4) Using a soft drift, drive differential pinion gear shaft out of case. Remove pinion gears, side gears, and side gear thrust washers.

Drive Pinion Gear - Hold drive pinion flange and remove flange nut and flange from drive pinion gear. Remove oil seal and dust shield from pinion shaft then push dive pinion gear out of rear housing. Remove drive pinion  bearing outer races from housing. Using an arbor press, remove rear bearing from drive pinion shaft and retain shims found between bearing and gear.

REASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT

FIG. 4 REMOVING REAR BEARING
FROM DRIVE PINION GEAR

Drive Pinion Gear - 1) Install pinion bearing outer races in rear axle housing. Before installing rear bearing on drive pinion gear, establish pinion depth adjusting shim thickness as follows (all values given are in hundredths of a millimeter):

NOTE - If the original ring and pinion gears will be used for reassembly, and right-to-drive pinion gear tooth contact pattern is satisfactory, use original shim(s).

Note marking on original drive pinion shaft. Measure original shim thickness and add it to the value give on the pinion shaft to establish the nominal dimension.

Example: Pinion marking is +10 and original shim thickness is 2.90. Nominal dimension is 3.00 (2.90 plus +10).

Note marking on new pinion gear and subtract this value from the established nominal dimension and this will give you the new required shim thickness.

EXAMPLE: Nominal dimension is 3.00 and marking on new drive pinion is +20, then new shim thickness is 2.80 (3.00 minus +20, then new shim thickness is 2.80 (3.00 minus +20).

2) Place new (or original) pinion depth adjusting shim on drive pinion gear, and using a press install rear bearing on drive pinion gear. Lubricate bearing and install drive pinion and bearing in housing. Install new collapsible spacer, front pinion bearing, dust shield, new oil seal, and pinion flange in housing.

3) Start pinion flange nut on shaft and as nut is tightened, keep checking rotating torque of pinion shaft (pinion bearing preload) using an inch pound torque wrench. Tighten nut until pinion bearing preload is within specifications. NOTE - If pinion bearing preload torque is exceeded, do not back off nut to obtain preload. Install new collapsible spacer and repeat procedure.

Differential Case Assembly - 1) Place thrust washers on side gears and install side gears in case. Install pinion gears by rolling them into position and install pinion shaft. Check rotating torque is not to specification, install new thrust washers on side gears. NOTE -Thrust washers are available in thicknesses from .0709" (1.80 mm) to .0817" (2.10 mm) in increments of .002" (.05 mm).

2) Install ring gear on case and tighten bolts to specified torque. Press differential bearings onto case, and if using original bearings, spread housing and install case using original shims. If using new bearing or case, install case in housing and insert enough shims equally on both sides to eliminate any end play.

3) Install bearing caps and bolts and tighten bolts. Measure ring gear backlash using a dial indicator mounted to hoousing ring gear backlash using a dial indicator mounted to housing with plunger contacting ring gear at right angel to the gear teeth. Block drive pinion flange from turning. Zero dial indicator. Rotate ring geaer back as far as possible and note backlash reading on indicator. If backlash is not within specification, adjust backlash by changing size of shims. To increase backlash, increase size of shim on pinion side of carrier, and to decrease backlash, increase size of shim on ring gear side of carrier. When changing shims, be sure to install shims of equal size to opposite side of carrier.

4) After determining correct shims to be used, add .002" (.05 mm) more shim thickness to each side. Install spreader on housing, spread housing and install bearing outer races and shims. Remove spreader and install bearing caps and tighten bolts. With differential completely assembled, check ring-to-pinion gear tooth contact pattern to ensure all adjustments are correct.

0 Fiat 124 1975-77 Drive Axles Repair Manual

DESCRIPTION

Rear axle assembly is semi-floating, hypoid gear type with centerline of pinion set below centerline of ring gear. Axle shafts have integral wheel hubs and are supported in the differential case by side gears and in the axle housing by ball bearings. Service of these assemblies, with exception of axle housing, may be performed without removing complete rear axle assembly from vehicle.

AXLE RATIO IDENTIFICATION

The semi-floating, hypoid gear type rear axle assembly with separate housing is used on all Fiat models, The axle ration is 4.3-1.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

Axle Shafts and Bearings

Removal - 1) Raise vehicle and remove rear wheels and disc brake front shield. Remove caliper support bracket mounting bolt and remove caliper (without disconnecting brake lines). Remove bolts attaching brake disct to axle shaft hub and remove brake disc and plate.

2) Remove snap ring securing bearing dust shield. Attach slide hammer and withdraw axle shaft assembly. Inspect axle shaft bearing, dust shield and bearing retaining collar for wear or damage and replace as necessary.

Disassembly - Using suitable arbor press (A. 74108/1/2), press bearing retaining collar off axle shaft and discard collar. NOTE - Retaining collar must never be reused; replace with new collar. Remove snap ring, dust shield and bearing. If axle shaft is score or damaged, replace shaft.

Reassembly - 1) Install snap ring, dust shield and bearing onto axle shaft held vertically on solid plate of arbor press (A. 74107/1). Insert new collar into suitable holder (A. 74107/4), place in oven and heat to 571°±18°F (300°±10°C). Remove unit from oven and plae on axle shaft. Press axle shaft into collar using 13,000 lb (6,000 kg) maximum pressure.

2) Place axle shaft assembly in tool A. 9560. Position dial indicator to contact hub of axle shaft. Apply 4400 lbs. (2000 kg) axial load with tool A. 95601. Rotate axle by applying 58 to 61.5 ft. lbs. to 8.5 mkg) of torque then check dial indicator reading at opposite end of axle shaft. Reading should remain at zero during rotation of axle shaft.

3) Remove load from axle and recheck dial indicator for zero reading. This will insure that collar has not moved on axle shaft.

Installation - Install new oil seal and "O" ring and complete installation by reversing removal procedure.

FIG 1. CHECKING FIT OF AXLE SHAFT BEARING RETAINER AND AXIAL LOAD

DIFFERENTIAL CARRIER

Removal - Drain fluid, raise vehicle, and remove wheels. Withdraw axle shafts for enough to disengage from side gears. Disconnect propeller shaft, support differential and remove attaching bolts. Remove differential assembly from axle housing.

Installation - Thoroughly clean oil residue from axle housing. Position new gasket in place and reverse removal procedure.

OVERHAUL

Disassembly - 1) With differential secured in suitable holding fixture, remove two bolts and spring washers from caps and remove lock plates. Remove bolts and spring washers securing case bearing caps, and remove caps, adjuster rings and roller bearing cups. Remove differential case from carrier.

2) Turn differential carrier upside down and lock bevel pinion in place. Loosen self-locking nut securing sleeve to bevel pinion shaft and remove sleeve. Remove pinion, thrust ring, rear roller bearing cone and collapsible spacer from inside housing. Remove oil seal, oil slinger, and front bearing cone from carrier.

3) Slide collapsible spacer off pinion, then draw off rear roller bearing .Thrust washer can then be removed from pinion. Using a suitable puller, remove differential case roller bearings. Remove screws holding ring gear to differential case roller bearings. Remove screws holding ring gear to differential case then use drift to remove pinion gear from case. Remove pinion gears, side gears, and thrust washers.

REASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT

FIG 3. CHECKING FOR CORRECT
THICKNESS OF WASHER FOR DRIVE
PINION DEPTH ADJUSTMENT

Case Assembly - 1) Install thrust washers on differential side gears and position gears in differential case. Insert pinion gears in case and engage them with side gears. Align holes in pinion gears through openings in case and insert pinion shaft. Check axial play in each side gear.

2) Axial play should not exceed .004" (.10 mm). If play exceeds specification, replace side gear thrust washers. These washers are available in various thicknesses. If correct clearance cannot be obtained, gears must be replaced. Assemble ring gear to differential case and torque to specification. Using suitable driver (A. 70152), install both roller bearings on differential case.

Drive Pinion Depth - 1) Fit front and rear roller bearing cups of bevel pinion in position using suitable driver. Using same driver, attach cone  of rear roller bearing to dummy pinion (A. 70184) then position dummy pinion in differential carrier.

FIG. 4 LOCATION OF STAMPED NUMBER
ON DRIVE PINION GEAR

2) Install cone on front roller bearing and place nut on dummy pinion. Turn pinion to seat bearing cones and tighten nut.

3) Zero dial indicator (A. 95690) on a surface plate then attach to dummy pinion. Position dial indicator to allow plunger to contact roller bearing seat in differential case. Obtain minimum reading on dial indicator by moving plunger from right to left. Record reading and repeat procedure on opposite side.

4) Determine on average from the two readings, then from this average, subtract the value stamped on bevel pinion to be used. This will give correct thickness of thrust washers to be inserted between the head of the pinion and the shoulder of rear roller bearing.

5) If the number stamped on the pinion is preceded by a plus sign, the thickness of the washer to be used is derived by subtracting this number from the dial gauge reading. If the number stamped on the pinion is preceded by a minus sign, the thickness of the washer is obtained by adding this figure to the dial gauge reading.

FIG. 5 CHECKING DIFFERENTIAL BEARING
AND RING GEAR BACKLASH

6) Place thrust washer (correct thickness) on bevel pinion, then rear roller bearing cone followed by collapsible spacer. Install pinion assembly in carrier and attach the front roller bearing cone, oil slinger, oil seal, and "U" joint sleeve. Install washer and self-locking nut on tail of pinion.

Pinion Bearing Preload - Secure pinion to keep it from turning. Gradually tighten nut on tail of pinion shat to 87-166 ft. lbs. (12-23 mkg). Check turning torque of pinion shaft using dynamometer (A.95697) and adapter (A. 55075) fitted to pinion nut and set to 17 INCH lbs. (20 cmkg). If turning torque is less than 14 INCH lbs. (16 cmkg), pinion nut must be tightened (without exceeding maximum torque). If turning torque is more than 17 INCH lbs. (20 cmkg), pinion must be removed an collapsible spacer changed.

Backlash and Side Bearing Preload - 1) Place differential side bearing cups on side bearings and place differential assembly into carrier. Fit two bearing retaining and adjusting rings, install caps and torque to specifications.

2) Attach suitable tool (A. 95688)  (see illustration), to differential carrier. Adjust backlash between ring gear and pinion to .0031-.0051" (0.08-0.13 mm). Insure that bearings are not preloaded.

3) Set preload by tightening two bearing adjusting rings alternately with equal number of turns until dial indicator "A" (see illustration), shows an increase of .0055-.0071" (0.14-0.18 mm). After preload is set, check backlash of bevel gears.

4) To check backlash, set dial indicator to "B" (see illustration), so that plunger rests against tooth of bevel gear. Rotate gear to obtain maximum reading. Backlash must be .0031-.0051" (0.08-0.13 mm).

Final Inspection and Assembly - With pinion bearing and ring gear backlash properly adjusted, make a tooth contact pattern check. NOTE - Check gear tooth contact using paint impression method described at beginning of this section. When pattern is satisfactory, install axle shafts, brake drums, wheels and tires, propeller shaft and refill with suitable gear lubricant.

0 Fiat 124 1968-74 Axles Repair Manual

FIAT 124 (1968-74)

DESCRIPTION

Rear axle assembly is semi-floating, hypoid gear type with centerline of pinion set below centerline of ring gear. Axle shafts have integral wheel hubs and are supported in the differential case by side gears and in the axle housing by ball bearings. Service of these assemblies, with exception of axle housing, may be performed without removing complete rear axle assembly from vehicle

AXLE RATIO IDENTIFICATION

The semi-floating, hypoid gear type rear axle assembly with separate housing is used on all Fiat 124 models. The basic difference in rear axles from one vehicle model to another is the axle ratio. The Fiat 124 Sedan axle ratio is 4.3 to 1, and the Fiat 124 Sedan Special is 4.1 to 1.

REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION

Axle Shaft and Bearings

Removal - 1) Raise vehicle and remove rear wheels and disc brake front shield. Remove caliper support bracket mounting bolt and remove caliper (without disconnecting brake lines). Remove bolts attaching brake disc to axle shaft hub and remove brake dis and plate.

2) Remove snap ring securing bearing dust shield. Attach slide hammer and withdraw axle shaft assembly. Inspect axle shaft, bearing, dust shield and bearing retaining collar for wear or damage and replace as necessary.

Disassembly - Using suitable arbor press (A. 74108/1/2), press bearing retaining collar off axle shaft and discard collar. NOTE - Retaining collar must never be reused; replace with new collar. Remove ring, dust shield, and bearing. If axle shaft is scored or damaged, replace shaft.

Reassembly - 1) Install snap ring, dust shield, and bearing onto axle shaft held vertically on solid plate of arbor press (A. 74107/1). Insert new collar into suitable holder. (A. 74107/4), place in oven and place on axle shaft. Press axle into collar using 13,000 lbs (6000 kg) maximum pressure.

2) Place axle shaft assembly in tool A. 9560. Rotate axle by applying 58 to 61.5 ft. lbs. (8 to 8.5 mkg) of torque then check dial indicator reading at opposite end of axle shaft. Reading should remain at zero rotation of axle shaft.

3) Remove load from axle and recheck dial indicator to zero reading. This will insure that collar has not moved on axle shaft.

Reinstallation - Install new oil seal and "O" ring and complete installation by reversing removal procedure.

DIFFERENTIAL CARRIER

Removal - Drain fluid, raise vehicle, and remove wheels. Withdraw axle shafts for enough to disengage from side gears. Disconnect propeller shaft, support differential and remove attaching bolts. Remove differential assembly from axle housing.

Installation - Thoroughly clean oil residue from axle housing. Position new gasket in place and reverse removal procedure.

CHECKING AXIAL LOAD

OVERHAUL

Disassembly - 1) With differential secured in suitable holding fixture, remove two bolts and spring washers from caps and remove lock plates. Remove bolts and spring washers securing case bearing caps, and remove caps, adjuster rings and roller bearing cups. Remove differential case from carrier.

2) Turn differential carrier upside down and lock bevel pinion shaft and remove sleeve. Remove pinion, thrust ring, rear roller bearing cone and collapsible spacer from inside housing. Remove oil seal, oil slinger, and front bearing cone from carrier.

3) Slide collapsible spacer off pinion, then draw off rear roller bearing. Thrust washer can then be removed from pinion. Using a suitable puller, remove differential case roller bearings. Remove screws holding ring gear to differential case then use drift to remove pinion gear from case. Remove pinion gears, side gears and thrust washers.

REASSEMBLY AND ADJUSTMENT

Case Assembly - 1) Install thrust washers on differential side gears and position gears in differential case. Insert pinion gears in case and engage them with side gears. Align holes in pinion gears through openings in case and insert pinion shaft. Check axial play in each side gear.

2) Axial play should not exceed .004" (0.10 mm). If play exceeds specification, replace side gear thrust washers. These washers are available in various thicknesses. If correct clearance cannot be obtained, gears must be replaced. Assemble ring gear to differential case and torque to specification. Using suitable driver (A. 70152), install both roller bearings on differential case.

CHECKING FOR CORRECT
THICKNESS OF BEVEL PINION
REAR BEARING THRUST WASHER

Drive Pinion Depth - 1) Fit front and rear roller bearing cups of bevel pinion in position using suitable driver. Using same driver, attache cone of rear roller bearing to dummy pinion (A. 70184) then position in differential carrier.

2) Install cone on front roller bearing and place nut on dummy pinion. Turn pinion to seat bearing cones and tighten nut.

3) Zero dial indicator (A. 95690) on a surface plate then attach to dummy pinion. Position dial indicator to allow plunger to contact roller bearing seat in differential case. Obtain minimum reading on dial indicator by moving plunger from right to left. Record reading and repeat procedure on opposite side.

4) Determine an average from the two readings, then from this average, subtract the value stamped on bevel pinion to be used. This will give correct thickness of thrust washers to be inserted between the head of the pinion and the shoulder of rear roller bearing.

STAMPED NUMBER LOCATION ON
BEVEL PINION

5) If the number stamped on the pinion is preceded by a plus sign, the thickness of the washer to be used is derived by subtracting this number from dial gauge reading. If the number stamped on the pinion is preceded by a minus sign, the thickness of the washer is obtained by adding this figure to the dial gauge reading.

6) Place thrust washer (correct thickness) on bevel pinion, then rear roller bearing cone followed by collapsible spacer. Install pinion assembly in carrier and attach the front roller bearing cone, oil slinger, oil seal and "U" joint sleeve. Install washer and self-locking nut on tail of pinion.

Pinion Bearing Preload - Secure pinion to keep it from turning. Gradually tighten nut on tail of pinion shat to B7-166 ft. lbs. (12-23 mkg). Check turning torque of pinion shaft using dynamometer (A. 95697) and adapter (A.55075) fitted to pinion nut and set to 17 INCH lbs. (20 cmkg). If turning torque is less than 14 INCH lbs. (16 mkg), pinion nut must be tightened (without exceeding maximum torque). If turning torque is more than 17 INCH lbs. (20 cmkg), pinion must be removed and collapsible spacer changed.

CHECKING PRELOAD OF DIFFERENTIAL
CASE BEARINGS AND BACKLASH
OF BEVEL GEAR

Backlash and Side Bearing Preload - 1) Place differential side bearing cups on side bearings and place differential assembly into carrier. Fit two bearing retaining and adjusting rings, install caps and torque to specifications.

2) Attach suitable tool (A. 95688) (see illustration), to differential carrier. Adjust backlash between ring gear and pinion to .0031-.0051" (0.08-0.13 mm). Insure that bearings are not preloaded.

3) Set preload by tightening two bearing adjusting rings alternately with equal number of turns until dial indicator "A" (see illustration), shows an increase of .0055-.0071" (0.14-0.18 mm). After preload is set, check backlash of bevel gears.

4) To check backlash, set dial indicator "B" (see illustration), so that plunger rests against tooth of bevel gear. Rotate ring gear to obtain maximum reading. Backlash must be .031-.0051" (0.08-0.13 mm).

Final Inspection and Assembly - With pinion bearing and ring gear backlash properly adjusted, make a tooth pattern contact check. NOTE - Check gear tooth contact using point impression mothod described at beginning of this section. When pattern is satisfactory, install axle shafts, brake drums, wheels and tires, propeller shaft and refill with suitable gear lubricant.

0 1975 Fiat Wheel Alignment Guide

FIAT SPECIFICATIONS AND ADJUSTMENT

TIRE INFLATION (COLD)
Before attempting to check or adjust wheel alignment, make sure tires are properly inflated. Refer to manufacturers specifications given in owner's manual.

CASTER
Model 131 and 128 (Except. Sport L) - If caster is not to specifications, raise front of vehicle. Remove stabilizer bar-to-control arm nut and disconnect control arm from body. Remove end of stabilizer bar from control arm. To adjust caster, addition of shims between end of stabilizer bar and rubber pad of control arm will decrease caster angle and removal of shims will increase caster angle. Reverse removal procedure and recheck caster.

Model 128 Sport L - If caster is not to specifications, adjust by adding or removing shims located between stabilizer bar bushing and frame.

Model 124 - If caster is not within specifications, raise front of vehicle and remove wheel and shock absorber. Using suitable tool (A.74174), compress spring to relieve lower control arm and loosen nuts holding control arm pivot bar to crossmember. To adjust caster, remove shims from front stud and move to rear stud to increase caster. To decrease caster, remove shims from rear stud and move shims to front stud. Reverse removal procedure and check caster.

Model X1/9 - If caster is not to specifications, adjust by adding or removing shims located between stabilizer bar and stabilizer bar support.

CAMBER
Model 124 - If camber is not within specifications, adjust by changing shims. Raise front of vehicle, remove wheel and shock absorber. Using suitable tool (A.74174), compress spring to relieve lower control arm and loosen nuts holding control arm pivot bar to crossmember. To increase camber, remove equal amount of shims from both studs and add equal amount of shims to decrease camber. NOTE -  Adding or removing equal amounts of shims will not affect caster. Reverse removal procedure and check camber.

Model 128 and 131 Front - Camber is nonadjustable. If not within specifications, inspect suspension for damage and repair or replace parts as necessary.

Model 128 Rear - If rear camber is not within specifications raise rear of vehicle and compress one end of leaf spring, shifting it from flexible guide anchoring spring to control arm. Remove guide and slowly release spring. Remove nuts attaching pivot to body and loosen screw to free adjustment shims. To increase camber, add an equal number of shims on both screws attaching control arm to body. To decrease, remove equal number of shims from both screws. Reverse removal procedure and check camber.

Model X1/9 Front and Rear - Camber is nonadjustable. If not within specifications, inspect suspension for damage and repair or replace parts as necessary.

TOE-IN
Model 128, 131 and X1/9 Front - Place front wheels in straight-ahead position. If toe-in is not within specifications, loosen sleeve locking nut on tie rods. To adjust, rotate hexagon on ball pin to set toe-in specifications. Hold hexagon in position and lock nut against tie rod sleeve.

Model 128 Rear - If rear toe-in is not within specifications raise rear of vehicle and compress one end of leaf spring, shifting it from flexible guide anchoring spring to control arm. Remove guide and slowly release spring. Remove nuts attaching pivot to body and loosen screws to free adjustment shims. To increase to-in, add shims to rear screw or remove shims front front screw. To decrease, add shims to front screw or re3move shims from rear screw.

Model 124 Front - Place front wheels in straight-ahead position. If toe-in is not within specifications, loosen four clamps securing sleeves on tie rods. Rotate tie rods in opposite direction (by equal amounts) to set toe-in to specifications. Tighten clamp nuts. NOTE - Expansion slot in sleeve must coincide with clamp joint when clamp is fully tightened.

Model X1/9 Rear - If rear toe-in is not within specifications, loosen clamps securing sleeves to reaction rods. Adjust toe-in by lengthening or shortening reaction rods. Tighten clamps and recheck toe-in.

0 1963-73 Fiat Models Wheel Alignment Guide

1963-73 FIAT SPECIFICATIONS AND ADJUSTMENTS

TIRE INFLATION (COLD)
Before attempting to check or adjust wheel alignment, ensure that tires are inflated according to specifications

CASTER
Model 128 - If caster is not within specifications, raise front of vehicle. Remove anti-roll bar to control arm nut and disconnect control arm from body. Remove end of anti-roll bar from control arm. To adjust caster, addition of shims between end of anti-roll bar and rubber pad of control arm will decrease caster and removal of shims will increase caster. Reverse removal procedure and check caster.

Model 124 - If caster is not within specifications, raise front of vehicle and remove wheel and shock absorber. Using suitable tool (A.741174), compress spring to relieve lower control arm and loosen nuts holding control arm pivot bar to crossmember. To adjust caster, remove shims from front stud and move to rear stud to increase caster. To decrease caster, remove shims from rear stud and move shims to front stud. Reverse removal procedure and check caster.

Models 600D, 850 and 1100R - If caster is not within specifications, loosen two nuts on control arm pivot bar to body. To adjust, remove shims from rear stud and place shims at front stud to increase caster. To decrease caster, move shims from front stud to rear stud. Tighten nuts and check caster.

Model 1500 - No adjustment procedure available.

CAMBER
Model 124 - If camber is not within specifications, adjust by changing shims. Riase front of vehicle, remove wheel and shock absorber. Using suitable tool (A.74174), compress spring to relieve lower control arm and loosen nuts holding control arm pivot bar to crossmember. To increase camber, remove equal amount of shims from both studs and add equal amount of shims to decrease camber. NOTE - Adding or removing equal amounts of shims will not affect caster. Reverse removal procedure and check camber.

Model 1500 - No adjustment procedure available at time of this publication. See Wheel Alignment specifications.

Model 128 - Front - Camber is nonadjustable. If not within specifications, inspect suspension for damage. Repair or replace parts as necessary.

Model 128 Rear - If rear camber is not within specifications raise rear of vehicle and compress one end of leaf spring, shifting it from flexible guide anchoring spring to control arm. Remove guide and slowly release spring. Remove nuts attaching pivot to body and loosen screw to free adjustment shims. To increase camber, add an equal number of shims on both screws attaching control arm to body. To decrease, remove equal number of shims from both screws. Reverse removal procedure and check camber.

Models 600D, 850 and 1100R Front - If camber is not within specifications, adjust by changing shims. Loosen two nuts on control arm pivot bar to body. To increase camber, add equal amounts of shims to both studs and to decrease, remove equal amounts of shims. Tighten nuts and check camber.

TOE-IN
Model 128 Front - Place front wheels in straight-ahead position. If toe-in is not within specifications, loosen sleeve locking nut on tie rods. To adjust, rotate hexagon on ball pin to set toe-in specifications. Hold hexagon in position and lock nuts against tie rod sleeve.

Model 128 Rear - If rear toe-in is not within specifications raise rear of vehicle and compress one end of leaf spring, shifting it from flexible guide anchoring spring to control arm. Remove guide and slowly release spring. Remove nuts attaching pivot to body and loosen screws to free adjustment shims. To increase toe-in, add shims to rear screw or remove shims from front screw. To decrease, add shims to front screw or remove shims from rear screw.

All Other Models Front - Place front wheels in straight ahead position. If toe-in is not within specifications, loosen four clamps securing sleeves on tie rods. Rotate tie rods in opposite direction (by equal amounts) to set toe-in to specifications. Tighten clamps. NOTE - Expansion slot in sleeve must coincide with clamp joint when clamp is fully tightened.

Model 600D and 850 Rear - If rear is not within specifications, loosen screws securing lower control arm support to body. Elongated holes on support allow movement to set toe-in to specifications. Tighten screws 29-36 ft lbs. and check toe-in.

0 1976 Import Models Wheel Bearing Adjustment Guide

ARROW AND COLT

All Models - Tighten adjusting nut to 14.5 ft. lbs. After seating bearing components, loosen nut to 0 ft. lbs. Now make final adjustment to 3.6 ft. lbs. After installing lock cap, insert cotter pin. NOTE - Do not loosen adjusting nut more than 15 degrees to align spindle holes.

AUDI
NOTE - The following procedure can only be performed using special tools indicated.

Model 100 (Front) - 1) Raise and support front of vehicle. Remove lower wheel bolt and replace with special wheel bolt adapter (V-104) and special dial indicator (G-43). By means of retaining screw on special tool (V-104), adjust dial indicator to pretensioned position of 1 millimeter.

2) Grasp wheel at front and rear. First push inward on front while pulling outward on rear, record dial indicator reading. Reverse this procedure and record dial indicator reading. Difference between these two reading is wheel bearing play. If play exceeds .04-.07 mm, adjustment will be necessary.

3) Remove cotter pin and castle nut. If there was too much play, tighten spindle nut until play is within specifications. If there was insufficient play, remove wheel, spindle nut and its shim. Replace and tighten spindle nut. Using 1 millimeter feeler gauge, loosen spindle nut until it is possible to insert feeler gauge between    spindle nut and wheel hub. Attach special hub puller (V-26) and withdraw hub until it is firmly in contact with spindle nut. Remove puller and retighten spindle nut until it is within specifications

Model 100 (Rear) - Raise and support rear of vehicle. Remove grease cup and one wheel bolt. Attach special dial indicator (30-43), using wheel bolt adapter (40 - 104) and attachment (10-22). Dial indicator actuator foot should be pretensioned to 1 millimeter against the stub axle. Grasp wheel at front and rear. Move wheel on horizontal axis. If reading on dial indicator is not .02-.04 mm, adjustment will be necessary. Adjust by loosening or tightening spindle nut.
NOTE - Fox front wheel bearing is not adjustable. Torque stub axle nut to 13 ft. lbs.

Fox (Rear) - Remove grease cup, cotter pin and castle nut. Tighten spindle nut and loosen for adjustment. Adjust by lightly tightening spindle nut until plain washer (beneath spindle nut) can just be moved from side to side, using screwdriver. This adjustment will be correspond to .0012-.0027" (.03-.06 mm) wheel bearing play.

BMW

2002 Models - While rotating wheel hub, tighten castle nut to 22-24 ft. lbs., then rotate hub at least two more times. Loosen castle nut until bearing end play is noticed. Tighten castle nut to a maximum of 2.2 ft. lbs., then loosen nut to nearest hole and install cotter key. NOTE - After adjustment slotted washer should move easily, without noticeable resistance.

3.0 Si and 530i Models - While rotating wheel hub, tighten castle nut to 7 ft. lbs. Loosen castle nut approximately 1/4 turn. Insert screwdriver in recess of bearing retainer washer and ensure washer can be rotated easily. Install suitable gauge holder (BMW 00 2 500) on wheel hub and install dial indicator with tip touching front axle stub. Move wheel hub back and forth several times and check bearing end play. Adjust castle nut until bearing end play is .0008-.0024". NOTE - Set bearing end play as close to lowest limit as possible. Install cotter key.

CAPRI
All Models - Rotate wheel, hub, and drum assembly while turning adjusting nut to 17-25 ft. lbs. Back off nut one-half turn. Retighten adjusting nut to 10-15 INCH lbs. Reinstall cotter pin and check front wheel rotations.

COURIER

All Models - While rotating wheel, hub and drum assembly, tighten adjusting nut to 17-25 ft. lbs. Back adjusting nut off 1/2 turn and retighten nut to 6-8 ft. lbs. Install new cotter key and check wheel rotation.

DATSUN

All, Except F10 - Tighten spindle nut to torque specifications in table. Spin wheel and retorque spindle nut. Loosen nut according to specification in table and then tighten to align cotter key hole. Insert cotter key.

F10 - Raise vehicle and place on safety stands. Remove tire and wheel. Make sure mounting nut is torqued to 87-145 ft. lbs. (12-20 mkg). Spin wheel hub several times in both directions to ensure free rotation. Measure bearing preload by attaching a spring pull scale to lug stud and turning hub. It should take about 3-11 lb. (1.4-4.9 kg) to turn hub.

FIAT

Model 124 and 131 - While rotating hub, torque spindle nut to 14.5 ft. lbs. Completely loosen nut and retighten to 5 ft. lbs. Loosen nut 30 degrees and stake collar of spindle nut into machined slot on spindle. Attach dial indicator with magnetic base on brake drum and actuating foot on spindle. Hub end play should not exceed .004" NOTE - When ever spindle nut has been removed it must be replaced with a new nut.

Models 128 and X1/9 - Tighten front and rear spindle nuts to 112 ft. lbs. When spindle nuts are properly tightened, stake collar of spindle nut into machined slot on spindle.

0 1976 Import Models Wheel Alignment Guide

BMW

ADJUSTMENT
TIRE INFLATION (COLD)
Before attempting to check or adjust wheel alignment, ensure tires are properly inflated. The 2002 series requires 26 psi front and rear. The 3.0 series requires 30 psi front and rear. The 530i series requires 28 psi front and 26 psi rear.

CASTER AND CAMBER
All Models - Before checking caster and camber, vehicle must be in loaded condition. Loaded condition consists of two 143 lbs. weights on front seat, one 143 lbs. weight on rear seat, gas tank full and 66 lbs. on left side of luggage compartment. If caster and camber are not within specifications check suspension for damage. Repair or replace parts as necessary.

TOE-IN
All Models - Before checking toe-in, vehicle must be in loaded condition (see Caster and Camber). Check toe-in with front wheels in straight-ahead position. If not within specifications, loosen tie rod clamping bolts. Rotate both tie rod tubes until toe-in is within specifications. Tighten clamping bolts.

CAPRI

ADJUSTMENT
TIRE INFLATION (COLD)
Before attempting to check or adjust wheel alignment, make sure that tires are properly inflated. Refer to manufacturer's specifications, located inside glove box door.

CASTER
All Models - Caster is nonadjustable. If not within specifications, check front suspension for damage. Repair or replace parts as necessary

CAMBER
All Models - Camber is nonadjustable. If not within specifications, check front suspension for damage. Repair or replace parts as necessary.

TOE-IN
All Models - Position wheels in straight-ahead position and loosen tie rod end lock nut and clips securing bellows. To adjust toe-in, rotate tie rods until specifications are within limits. Tighten lock nuts and secure clips. Tie rods lengths should be equal within 1/4".

COURIER

TIRE INFLATION
Before attempting caster or camber adjustment, ensure tires are correctly inflated. Specifications are located on glove box door; especially consider radial tires, they require a different pressure than conventional tires.

NOTE - Vehicle must be unloaded, except fuel, water and oil should be at their proper levels.

CASTER
To correct caster, adjust shims between upper control arm and frame or turn control arm shaft until correct angle is obtained (see specifications).

CAMBER
The camber is adjusted by adding or subtracting shims between the upper control arm and frame. Shims are available in the following sizes: .040", .064", .080", and .128". Set camber to specifications as shown in chart.

TOE-IN
1) Raise vehicle until front wheels clear ground. Turn wheel by hand and scribe a line in center of each tire thread. Measure distance between marked lines in front of front wheel and at rear of front wheel. Both measurements must be taken at equal distances from the ground.

2) If distance between wheels at rear is greater than that at front, but within specifications, adjustment is correct. If adjustment is wrong, loosen clamp bolts and adjust tie rod to specifications.
NOTE - Tighten clamping bolts with bolts horizontal and below steering link to prevent interference with center steering link.

DATSUN

ADJUSTMENT
TIRE INFLATION (COLD)

Fig. 1 Pickup Front Suspension Riding Height Measurement Points.

Before attempting to check or adjust wheel alignment, make sure that tires are properly inflated. Refer to manufacturer's specifications given in owner's manual.



Pickup Only - Make measurement with vehicle empty: Fuel tank full, radiator filled, oil levels up to marks, spare tire and hardware in position. Measure distance from center of lower control arm bushing (where it contacts to body) and lower steering knuckle bushing (See "H" in Fig. 1). To adjust, raise vehicle to release tension on acnhor bolt ajdusting nut and turn anchor bolt to adjust  to specified height.

CASTER
All Models Exc. Pickup - Preset at factory and cannot be adjusted. If not to specifications, check suspension for wear or damage and repair or replace components as necessary.

Pickup - Caster is adjusted by increasing or decreasing thickness of shims inserted between upper link spindle and upper link mounting bracket. When front shim thickness increases, caster decreases. NOTE - Do not adjust caster with difference between front and rear shim thickness beyond .079" (2 mm).

CAMBER
All Models (Exc. Pickup) - Preset at factory and cannot be adjusted. If not to specifications, check suspension for wear or damage and repair or replace components as necessary.

Pickup - Camber is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the thickness of shims inserted between upper link spindle and upper link mounting bracket. When thickness of shim increase, camber decreases.

TOE-IN
All Models Except Pickup - Adjust by loosening each side steering link lock nut and adjusting steering link to change toe-in. NOTE - Left and right side steering links should be adjusted equally. Tighten lock nuts.

Pickup - Adjust by loosening steering cross link lock nuts, and adjust steering cross link to to change toe-in. Tighten lock nuts.

FIAT

ADJUSTMENT
TIRE INFLATION (COLD)
Before attempting to check or adjust wheel alignment, make sure tires are properly inflated. Refer to manufacturers specification given in owner's manual.

CASTER
Model 131 and 128 (Except. Sport L) - If caster is not to specifications, raise front of vehicle. Remove stabilizer bar-to-control arm nut and disconnect control arm from body. Remove end of stabilizer bar from control arm. To adjust caster, addition of shims between end of stabilizer bar and rubber pod of control arm will decrease caster angle and removal of shims will increase caster angle. Reverse removal procedure and recheck caster.

Model 128 Sport L - If caster is not to specifications, adjust by adding or removing shims located between stabilizer bar bushing and frame.

Model 124 - If caster is not within specifications, raise front of vehicle and remove wheel and shock absorber. Using suitable tool (A.74174), compress spring to relieve lower control arm and loosen nuts holding control arm pivot bar to crossmember. To adjust caster, remove shims from front stud and move to rear stud to increase caster. To decrease caster, remove shims from rear stud an move shims to front stud. Reverse removal procedure and check caster.

Model X1/9 - If caster is not to specifications, adjust by adding or removing shims located between stabilizer bar and stabilizer bar support.

CAMBER
Model 124 - If camber is not within specifications, adjust by changing shims. Raise front of vehicle, remove wheel and shock absorber. Using suitable tool (A.74174), compress spring to relieve lower control arm and loosen nuts holding control arm pivot bar to crossmember. To increase camber, remove equal amount of shims form both studs and add equal amount of shims to decrease camber. NOTE - Adding or removing equal amount of shims will not affect caster. Reverse removal procedure and check camber.

Model 128 and 131 Front - Camber is nonadjustable. If not within specifications, inspect suspension for damage and repair or replace parts as necessary.

Model 128 Rear - If rear camber is not within specifications raise rear of vehicle and compress one end of leaf spring, shifting it from flexible guide anchoring spring to control arm. Remove guide and slowly release spring. Remove nuts attaching pivot to body and loosen screw to free adjustment shims. To increase camber, add on equal number of shim on both screws attaching control arm to body. To decrease remove equal number of shims from both screws. Reverse removal procedure and check camber.

0 1965 Import Vehicles Ball Joint Checking Guide

ARROW / COLT

All Models - With components removed from control arm and ball joint still installed, check following: Horizontal and vertical free play (0"), and ball joint rotation starting torque 4-6 ft. lbs. (6-8Nm). Replace ball joints if correct specifications are not obtained

AUDI

Fox - Clearance of ball joint with pressure applied by leverage should be .04-.10" (1.0-2.5 mm). if not replace ball joints

BMW

All Models - With lower control arm removed, measure axial (up and down) movement of ball joint stud. If movement exceeds .0945", replace ball joint.

COURIER

All Models - Check working surfaces of ball joints and studs for wear or damage. End play should not exceed .031" (.8 mm), if end play is excessive, replace ball joint.

DATSUN

All Models (Exc. 620 Pickup) - Remove lower control arm. Use appropriate spring tension gauge and and attach it to top of ball joint stud nut. Measure force (INCH Lbs.) required to move ball joint stud laterally. If measurement is not within specifications, replace ball joint

FIAT

All Models - With vehicle raised and supported under lower control arms, grasp wheel at top and bottom and try to shake wheel. If any movement is noted, control arm must be removed for further inspection.

HONDA

All Models - Raise and support front of vehicle. Attach dial indicator onto lower control arm with indicator tip on steering knuckle near ball joint. Place pry bar between lower control arm and steering knuckle. NOTE - Take care not to damage ball joint rubber boot. Push on pry bar and observe movement on dial indicator. If movement is in excess of .020" (.5 mm), ball joint must be replaced.

JAGUAR

All Models - Upper ball joint must be replaced if signs of wear or play are evident. The lower ball joint is adjustable with shims if axial play exceeds .004-.006" (.10-.15 mm). Shims must not be removed to take excessive wear in ball pin and socket. If parts are excessively worn, replacement is required.

LANCIA

All Models - if ball joint shows excessive amounts of wear (play) replace ball joints.

LUV

With vehicle raised and supported under lower control arms, grasp wheel at top and bottom. Try to move wheel and replace ball joint if movement exceeds .06" (1.52 mm).

MAZDA

All Models - Check ball joint dust seal for wear or damage and if necessary, replace seal. Ball joint end play must not exceed .039" (1 mm). If end play exceeds specifications, replace ball joint

MERCEDES-BENZ

There should be no lateral movement of ball joint. Vertical movement is adjusted by adding or removing washers.

OPEL

All Models - Raise and support front of vehicle. Inspect ball joint rubber boots for damage and replace as necessary. If lower ball joint axial play exceeds .008" (2 mm), ball joint must be replaced.

PEUGEOT

All Models - When moving ball pin some friction torque should be felt. If ball pin can be moved without resistance end play is shown, replace ball joint.

RENAULT

All Models - Inspect ball joints for wear or excessive play. Replace ball joints as necessary.

SAAB

All Models - if ball joint exhibits excessive play, it must be replaced as a complete unit.

SUBARU

All Models - Check ball joint for excessive play by pushing and pulling on ball joint stud. Allowable looseness is less than .012". If play exceeds this specification, ball joint must be replaced.

TOYOTA

Corona and Pickup - To check lower ball joint, jack up lower suspension arm and check for ball joint looseness by moving wheel vertically and horizontally. Movement limit in vertical direction should be less than .04" (1 mm) Corona and .20" (5.0 mm) Pickup. Movement limit in horizontal direction should be less than .08" (2 mm). Corona and .09" (2.3 mm) Pickup.
NOTE -  Ensure other suspension parts are tight before checking ball joints. To check upper ball joints. disconnect upper suspension arm from steering knuckle. Turn ball stud and check for excessive looseness or tightness. Replace ball joint if it is excessively loose or tight.

All Other Models - Check for excessive looseness, proper operation and damaged ball stud. Replace as necessary.

TRIUMPH

All Models - Inspect ball joints for excessive wear or play. Replace ball joint as necessary.

VOLKSWAGEN

Type 1 - Raise front of behicle and turn steering to one side. Place pry bar tool over nut or bolt head mounting steering knucle to strut. Compress ball joint spring and place vernier caliper over top of ball joint and over bottom stud. Note caliper reading, then release lever and record caliper travel. Increase reading is ball joint play. Replace ball joints as necessary

Type 2 - Raise front of vehicle and turn steering to one side. Insert pry bar tool VW 281a (or equivalent) under lower control arm and over top of strut mounting. Fit a vernier caliper on lower or upper torsion arm and steering knuckle. Record measurement. Press down with lever and measure travel of vernier caliper. IF travel exceeds specifications, replace ball joint.

All Other Models - Raise and support, then turn steering to one side. Install suitable levering tool so that ball joint spirng may be compressed. With spring compressed, position a vernier caliper with lower jaw on ball joint stud and upper jaw on top of clamping bolt for ball joint stud. Note reading. Slowly release tension from spring and not travel of caliper. This reading indicates ball joint play. If specified play is exceeded replace ball joint.

VOLVO

All Models - Maximum permitted axial play for lower ball joint is 12" (3 mm). Check ball joint by prying back and forth with a bar. If specifications are exceeded, replace ball joints.

0 Wheel Bearing Adjustment Guide 1965 Vehicles

ARROW AND COLT

All Models - Tighten adjusting nut to 14.5 ft. lbs. After seating bearing components, loosen nut to 0 ft. lbs. Now make final adjustment to 3.6 ft. lbs. After installing lock cap, insert cotter pin. NOTE - Do not loosen adjusting nut more than 15 degrees to align spindle holes

AUDI

NOTE - The following procedure can only be performed using special tools indicated.

Model 100 (Front) - 1) Raise and support front of vehicle. Remove lower wheel bolt and replace with special wheel bolt adapter (V-104) and special dial indicator (G-43). By means of retaining screw on special tool (V-104), adjust dial indicator to pretensioned position of 1 millimeter.

2) Grasp wheel at front and rear. First push inward on front while pulling outward on rear, record dial indicator reading. Reverse this procedure and record dial indicator reading. Difference between these two readings is wheel bearing play. If play exceeds .04-.07 mm, adjustment will be necessary.

3) Remove cotter pin and castle nut. If there was too much play, tighten spindle nut until play is within specifications. If there was insufficient play, remove wheel, spindle nut and its shim. Replace and tighten spindle nut. Using 1 millimeter feeler gauge, loosen spindle nut until it is possible to insert feeler gauge between spindle nut and wheel hub. Attach special hub puller (V-26) and withdraw hub until it is firmly in contact with spindle nut. Remove puller and retighten spindle nut until it is within specifications.

Model 100 (Rear) - Raise and support rear of vehicle. Remove grease cup and one wheel bolt. Attach special dial indicator (30-43), using wheel bolt adapter (40-104) and attachment (10-22). Dial indicator actuator foot should be pretensioned to 1 millimeter against the stub axle. Grasp wheel at front and rear. Move wheel on horizontal axis. If reading on dial indicator is not .02-.04 mm, adjustment will be necessary. Adjust by loosening or tightening spindle nut.
NOTE - Fox front wheel bearing is not adjustable. Torque stub axle nut to 13 ft. lbs.

Fox (Rear) - Remove grease cup, cotter pin and castle nut. Tighten spindle nut and loosen for adjustment. Adjust by lightly tightening spindle nut until plain washer (beneath spindle nut) can just be moved from side to side, using screwdriver. This adjustment will correspond to .0012-.0027" (.03-.06 mm) wheel bearing play.

BMW

320i and 630CSi - While rotating wheel hub, tighten castle nut to 22-24 ft. lbs., then rotate hub at least two more times. Loosen castle nut until bearing end play is noticed. Tighten castle nut to a maximum of 2.2 ft. lbs., then loosen nut to nearest hole and install cotter key
NOTE - After adjustment, slotted washer should move easily without noticeable resistance.

530i Models - While rotating wheel hub, tighten castle nut to 7 ft. lbs. Loosen castle nut approximately 1/4 turn. Insert screwdriver in recess of bearing retainer washer and ensure washer can be rotated easily. Install suitable gauge holder (BMW 00 2500) on wheel hub and install dial indicator with tip touching front axle stub. Move wheel hub back and forth several times and check bearing end play. Adjust castle nut until bearing end play is .0008-.0024".

CAPRI

All Models - Rotate wheel, hub and drum assembly while turning adjusting nut to 17 - 25 ft. lbs. Back adjusting nut off 120". Install cotter pin and check front wheel rotation.

COURIER

All Models - While rotating wheel, hub and drum assembly, tighten adjusting nut to 17-25 ft. lbs. Back adjusting nut off 1/4 turn and retighten nut where castellations on the lock nut are aligned with cotter pin hole in spindle. Install new cotter pin and check wheel rotations

DATSUN

All, Except F10 - Tighten spindle nut to torque specifications in table. Spin wheel and retorque spindle nut. Loosen nut according to specifications in table and then tighten to align cotter key hole. Insert cotter key.

F10 - Raise vehicle and place on safety stands. Remove tire and wheel. Make sure mounting nut is torqued to 87-145 ft. lbs. (12-20 mkg). Spin wheel hub several times in both directions to ensure free rotation. Measure bearing preload by attaching a spirng pull scale to lug stud and turning hub. It should take about 3-11 lb (1.4-4.9 kg) to turn hub.

FIAT

Model 124 and 131 - While rotating hub, torque spindle nut to 14.5 ft. lbs. Completely loosen nut and retighten to 5 ft. lbs. Loosen nut 30 degrees and stake collar of spindle nut into machined slot on spindle. Attach dial indicator with magnetic base on brake drum and actuating foot on spindle. Hub end play should not exceed .004". NOTE - When ever spindle nut has been removed it must be replaced with a new nut.

Models 128 and X1 /9 - Tighten front and rear spindle nuts to 112 ft. lbs. When spindle nuts are properly tightened, stake collar of spindle nut into machined slot on spindle.

0 1975 Vehicles Ball Joint Checking

ALFA ROMEO

All Models - Check working surfaces of ball pins and their seats, and ball joint studs for damage or wear. Axial play should not exceed specifications (.04"). Replace complete ball joint unit when indicated

BMW

All Models - With lower control arm removed, measure axial (up and down) movement of ball joint stud. If movement exceeds .0945", replace ball joint.

COLT

All Models - With components removed from control arm and ball joint still installed, check the following: Horizontal and vertical free play (0") and ball joint rotation starting torque 4-7 ft. lbs. (.6-1.0 mkg). Replace ball joints if correct specifications are not obtained

COURIER

All Models - Check working surfaces of ball joints and studs for wear or damage. End play should not exceed .031" (.8mm). If end play is excessive, replace ball joint.

DATSUN

All Models (Exc. 620 Pickup) - Remove lower control arm. Measure axial movement by lifting and depressing ball joint stud. Difference between these two measurements is axial movement. Using suitable spring tension gauge attached to top of ball joint stud measure force (INCH lbs.) required to move ball joint stud laterally. If either measurement is not within specifications, replace ball joint.

Ball Joint Specifications

  Application                      Axial                     Lateral INCH Lbs. (cmkg)

B210..................   .004-.012"(.1-.3 mm)..........................  52 (60)

610,710 and 280Z....    .004" (.1 mm)..............................   35 (40)

FIAT

All Models - With vehicle raised and supported under lower control arms, grasp wheel at top and bottom and try to shake wheel. If any movement is noted, control arm must be removed for further inspection

HONDA

All Models - Raise and support front of vehicle. Attach dial indicator onto lower control arm with indicator tip on steering knuckle near ball joint. Place pry bar between lower control arm and steering knuckle.

JAGUAR

All Models - Upper ball joint must be replaced. If signs of wear or play are evident. The lower ball joint is adjustable with shims if axial play exceeds .004-.006" (.10-.15 mm). Shims must not be removed to take up excessive wear in ball pin and socket. If parts are excessively worn, replacement is required.

LUV

With vehicle raised and supported under lower control arms, grasp wheel at top and bottom. Try to shake wheel and if any movement is noted, inspect front suspension for wear or damage.

MAZDA

All Models - Check ball joint dust seal for wear or damage and, if necessary, replace seal. Ball joint end play must not exceed .039" (1 mm). If end play exceeds specifications, replace ball joint.

OPEL

All Models - Raise and support front of vehicle. Inspect ball joint rubber boots for damage and replace as necessary. Using suitable gauge (J-23745) measure axial play. If axial play is more than .080" (2 mm), ball joint must be replaced.

PEUGEOT

All Models - Inspect ball joints for roughness or excessive wear. Replace ball joints as necessary.

PORSCHE

All Models - When moving ball pin some friction torque should be felt. If ball pin can be moved without resistance and end play is shown, replace ball joint.

RENAULT

All Models - Inspect ball joints for wear or excessive play. Replace ball joint as necessary.

SAAB

All Models - If ball joint exhibits excessive play, it must be replaced as a complete unit.

SUBARU

All Models - Check ball joint for excessive play by pushing and pulling on ball joint stud. Allowance loosness is less than .012". If play exceeds this specification, ball joint must be replaced.

0 1974 Vehicles Ball Joint Checking

ALFA ROMEO

All Models - Check working surfaces of ball pins and their seats, and ball joint studs for damage or wear. Axial play should not exceed specifications (.04"). Replace complete ball joint unit when indicated.

BMW

All Models - With lower control arm removed, measure axial (up and down) movement of ball joint stud. If movement exceeds .0945", replace ball joint. See BMW in SUSPENSION Section.

CAPRI

All Models - To check ball joint wear, raise vehicle and attach a dial indicator to a suitable fixed pivot, with stem on ball joint cap. Raise wheel independently of vehicle and note maximum dial gauge reading. If gauge reading is in excess of .098", ball joint should be replaced.

COLT

All Models - With components removed from control arm and ball joint still installed, check the following: Horizontal and vertical free play (0"), and ball joint rotation starting torque 4-7 ft. lbs. (.6-1.0 mkg). Replace ball joints if correct specifications are not obtained.

DATSUN

All Models (Exc. 620 Pickup) - Remove lower control arm. See Datsun in SUSPENSION Section. Measure axial movement by lifting and depressing ball joint stud. Difference between these two measurements is axial movement. Using suitable spring tension gauge attached to top of ball joint stud, measure force (ft. lbs.) required to move ball joint stud laterally. If either measurement is not within specifications, replace ball joint.

Ball Joint Specifications

Application                                      Axial                                      Lateral
                                                                                         INCH Lbs. (cmkg)
B210............................    .004-.012" (.1-.3mm)................................52 (60)
610 & 710....................   .004" (.1 mm) ...................................35 (40)
260Z.............................   .001-.024" (.03mm-.6mm).....................................

FIAT

All Models - With vehicle raised and supported under lower control arms, grasp wheel at top and bottom and try to shake wheel. If any movement is noted, control ar must be removed for further inspection. See Fiat in SUSPENSION Section.

HONDA

Raise and support front of vehicle. Attach dial indicator onto lower control arm with indicator tip on steering knuckle near ball joint. Place pry bar between lower control arm and steering knuckle. NOTE - Take care not to damage ball joint rubber boot. Push on pry bar and observe movement on dial indicator. If any movement is noted on dial indicator, ball joint must be replaced. See Honda in SUSPENSION Section.

JAGUAR

All Models (Exc. "E" Type Series 3) - Upper ball joint must be replaced if signs of wear or play are evident. The lower ball joint is adjustable with shims if axial play exceeds .004-.006". Shims must not be removed to take up excessive wear in ball pin and socket. If parts are badly worn, replacement is required.

"E" Type Series 3 - Upper and lower ball joints are adjustable by using shims to keep play within limits. Lower ball joint should have .004-.006" axial play and upper ball joint should have .004" axial play. Shims should not be removed to take up excessive wear in ball pin and socket. If parts are worn, replacement is required.

JENSEN-HEALEY

Raise front of vehicle and support under each lower control arm. Grasp wheel at top and bottom and try to shake wheel. NOTE - Do not confuse axial play of wheel bearing with worn ball joints. If any looseness is observed, ball joints should be replaced. See Jensen - Healey in SUSPENSION Section.

LUV

With vehicle raised and supported under lower control arms grasp wheel at top and bottom. Try to shake wheel and if any movement is noted, inspect front suspension of wear or damage.

MAZDA

All Models  (Exc. Pickup) - Check ball joint dust seal for wear or damage and, if necessary, replace seal. Check ball joint for wear or looseness by disconnecting each tie rod and attaching a pull scale to tie rod hole in spindle arm. If this measurement is not within 27-40 lbs. (12-18 KG) or 13-22 lbs. (6-10 kg) all other it will be necessary to replace ball joint.

Mazda (Pickup) - Check ball joint dust seal for wear or damage and, if necessary, replace seal. Ball joint end play is preadjusted at factory to be from 0-.08" (0-2 mm). If end play exceeds specifications, replace ball joint in its assembled form.

OPEL

All Models - Raise and support front of vehicle. Inspect ball joint rubber boots for damage and replace as necessary. Using suitable gauge (J-23745) measure axial play. If axial play is more than .080" (2 mm), ball joint must be replaced.